EasyScan2 STM

Nanosurf's EasyScan series has gained worldwide popularity through its affordability, portability, and ease of use , with hundreds of sistems currently in use. Now its succesor, the easyScan 2, unites these three unique characteristics with a fully modular system design.

Easy Measuring
The easyScan 2 software is designed to easily obtain quick results. Open the positioning window for the manual coarse approach and automatic fine approach, then open the imaging window to control and display the measurement.



STM Package
The easyScan STM has also established itself as a full-fledged research and development tool. Applications range from routine process control such as spot-checking nanocircuitry to fundamental research such as single electron spin detection. Now, with the easyScan 2 series and its Signal Module, scientists can expand the possibilities of their easyScan STM even further.
Key Features and Benefits

. Portable and compact: Transportable, easy to install with a small footprint
. Quick atomic resolution on a normal table: No need for expensive vibration isolation
. Easy to use: Ideal for nanotechnology education and outreach
. Accessible sample stage and scanning tip: Quick exchange of tip and sample
. Low operating voltage: Safe for all users

EasyScan AFM and Mobile S
The easyScan 2 Basic AFM Package masters topography imaging and force spectroscopy in Static Force mode - the fundamental functions for surface measurement. An ideal package for use in all entry level situations, due to it's easy handling and positioning plus it's flexibility, it can measure almost any samplesizeandgeometry

Smart Technology

Instead of piezoelectric materials that require high voltages and are vulnerable to creep, the easyScan 2 AFM uses a patented open-loop electromagnetic scanner that boasts an XY-Linearity Mean Error of less than 0.6% with low noise and low power consumption. This and similar smart design features allow a reduction in cost without a loss of precision performance. The Basic AFM Package makes professional high resolution surface measurements available to everyone.

Key Features and Benefits

. Portable, compact atomic force microscope: Fits in every lab
. Stand-alone design: Able to measure on small and large samples alike
. Easy to use, dual lens and automatic approach: Ideal for nanotechnology education and outreach
. Cantilever Alignment Chip technology: Easy tip change without adjustment
. World's least expensive commercial AFM
Dynamic AFM Package

More often than not, the sample dictates the measurement mode. Soft, sensitive or sticky samples suffer under static force, even if the forces amount to less than 20 nN.
Dynamic force microscopy eliminates potentially damaging lateral forces, making it the method of choice for many AFM measurements.


Sample: Steel balls Ø 6,0 mm Image size: 50µm x 50µm
Mode: contact mode Sensor: Nanosensors C=1,9N/m Conditions: ambient conditions



Multiple Mode Package
Users who want to measure more than topography will appreciate the Multiple Mode Package, which adds Phase Contrast, Force Modulation, and Scanning Spreading Resistance modes to its standard Static and Dynamic Force capabilities. The easyScan 2 STM, also part of this package, provides the possibility of further analysis of conductive samples.
The Phase Contrast mode images the phase shift of the resonance frequency, which is influenced by changes in the mechanical or chemical properties of the sample surface, allowing simultaneous imaging of material contrast and sample topography. Magnetic Force Microscopy is an extension of the Phase Contrast mode, using a magnetically coated tip to detect local changes in sample magnetisation, and the Scanning Spreading Resistance mode uses an electrically conducting tip to map local resistivity. All these modes allow the detection of features not visible in pure topography measurements: data storage bits, "sticky" areas, and leakage current, to name a few examples.


Advanced Research Package
The Advanced Research Package goes a step further. Not only does it offer all the capabilities of the Multiple Mode Package, it also offers access to and control of all the relevant electronic signals and full COM automation with the Signal Module A and easyScan 2 Scripting Interface, resulting in a full-fledged research microscope with the typical Nanosurf ease of use. The user can modulate driving signals or the scanner position at will, opening up possibilities of lithography and experimental microscopy. All signals are accessed and modulated via standard BNC connections. The results can be analysed in depth and presented in professional standard reports.

While some customers with basic systems may already need a scan head other than the standard mid-range model, owners of the Advanced Research Package will benefit even more from the high resolution Scan Head or the large range Scan Head. The former allows measurements of atomic steps and minuscule features, while the latter allows the metrology of volumes of up to 200'000µm3. Switching between scan heads requires nothing more than loading the calibration file that corresponds to the head plugged into the controller. Nano exploration at its most versatile; the result of successively expanding the easyScan 2 system.

The image shows a 10µm x 10µm image (z-range 38.8nm) Steps on (111) oriented silicon wafer.

Kaynak:http://www.teknotip.com.tr

Nano calibration for stylus-based surface measurement

Abstract. The measurement of very small surface features is commonly and most conveniently undertaken by using stylus instruments. The authors bring together various strands of work relevant to their continued use and development. The limits of their performance are investigated and methods are described for calibrating them. The trend in 'nanotechnology' towards the direct exploitation of material properties at the atomic level is illustrated. It is demonstrated that controlled calibration of surface height into the sub-nanometre region can be achieved and that new techniques are rapidly improving the ability to measure surface angle

Thermal decomposition of CF3I using I-atom absorption

S.S. Kumaran, M.-C. Su1, K.P. Lim and J.V. Michael
Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, US
Received 25 May 1995; accepted 8 June 1995. Available online 20 January 2000.



I-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) has been developed and applied to measure the thermal decomposition rate constant for CF3I (+M) → CF3 + I (+M). The I-atom curve-of-growth (λ = 183 nm) was determined using this reaction, and, for [I] 3 × 1012 molecules cm−3, (ABS) = 1.9215 × 10−13 [I], yielding σ = 1.933 × 10−14 cm2. Measured rate constants can be expressed by k1 = 3.24 × 10−9 exp(−17286 K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (±56%, 1033 T 1285 K). RRKM theory has been applied to rationalize this result.


1 On sabbatical leave from Butler University, Indianapolis, IN 46208, USA.


Kaynak:http://www.iop.org
Kaynak:http://www.sciencedirect.com

Davos 2008 on "collaborative innovation" and global challenges: the contribution of ISO

Against the background of global financial tensions, the participants in the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) held on 23-27 January in Davos, Switzerland, selected “the lack of coordinated response and leadership” as the highest concern in the face of current and future global economic, environmental and social issues.

Much of the subsequent debates focused on how "collaborative innovation" could provide responses to the three major global challenges: climate change, water supply and security, and nutrition. These issues are increasingly correlated and require a combination of:

science and technology
economic, regulatory and fiscal measures
better practices
communication, and
public-private partnerships.
ISO is an institutional member of the WEF. Its Secretary-General, Alan Bryden, took part in various sessions and workshops during the meeting. He first outlined how voluntary international standards of the type produced by ISO, based on a broad and double level of consensus – amongst stakeholders and across countries – can pave the way for the dissemination of technology through the creation of world markets and through good management and organizational practices.

ISO is the leader for the production of such standards, with a current portfolio of more than 17 000 documents and a monthly output of some 100 new or revised standards covering a wide range of issues – an increase of 32 % in the last five years.

Mr. Bryden outlined some recent ISO developments relating to the major global challenges for which collaborative innovation is particularly needed.


Climate change

In relation to climate change, there was a general agreement in Davos that carbon and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emission credits trading systems are an appropriate answer to encourage investment and action for the reduction of such emissions. A condition, however, is that such new markets should be based on appropriate and internationally recognized metrics and verification mechanisms at the various levels.

This includes the setting of national, sector and company objectives for the reduction of emissions through “cap and trade” programmes, “carbon footprint” evaluations and “carbon neutrality” targets, with corresponding internationally agreed requirements for the verification of claims and achievements in emission reduction.

The need for greater coherence and convergence of standards in this area was particularly emphasized by the participants. Mr. Bryden underlined ISO's publication of the ISO 14064 and ISO 14065 standards on the verification and accounting of GHG emissions and the collaboration between ISO and some major private sector initiatives in this area.

He pointed to the expansion of the work of ISO technical committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, to other climate change related issues, including carbon footprint assessment and claims. He added that ISO has decided to accelerate the production of standards related to energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.


Water supply and security

In relation to water supply and security, to which a plenary session and five side sessions were dedicated, it was stressed at the meeting that the combined effects of climate change, demographics and the current wasteful use of water supplies result in making the water issue as important a challenge for the planet as climate change itself and the source of increasing political tensions.

Related to this issue, ISO has recently published a suite of new standards that offer the international community practical tools to address the global challenge of effectively managing limited water resources in order to provide access to safe drinking water and sanitation for the world’s population.

ISO 24510, ISO 24511 and ISO 24512 are designed to help water authorities and their operators to achieve a level of quality that best meets the expectations of users and the principles of sustainable development.

An upcoming development is an ISO International Workshop Agreement (IWA) on guidelines for the management of drinking water utilities under emergency or crisis conditions.


Nutrition

Nutrition is also an area where innovation is urgently needed to meet complex challenges. These include the fact that agriculture consumes 90 % of the world's water resources, factors such as the impact of the growing and aging world population, and the competition for agricultural output brought about by conflicting requirements for food and energy (e.g. biofuels). A related dilemma is that increasing the amount of land for cultivation through further deforestation has negative effects on the level of GHG emissions.

ISO developments with a positive impact on these issues include the ISO 22000 standard for food safety management systems, already implemented in some 60 countries, and related standards in the ISO 22000 family.

ISO has also created a committee to develop standards for biofuels, which will benefit from the ISO platform to address the various facets of this issue. The new committee will focus on physical and chemical characteristics for the use and distribution of ethanol and biodiesel, with possible future ISO consideration of environmental and sustainability aspects of biofuels.

Biotechnology is a new frontier for innovation – and correspondingly for international standardization – covering food and agriculture, health and medical issues and industrial processing. Mr. Bryden indicated that ISO is currently active in this area and is reviewing opportunites for further involvement.


Other ISO contributions

ISO's work and achievements in a number of other areas can make positive contributions to other concerns addressed at the meeting. These include:

the efficiency and security of the global supply chain, with the ISO 28000 series of standards on supply chain security management
the emergence of the “sustainable consumer”, ready to take the environmental and societal impact of products and services as important criteria for his or her choices, provided that associated claims and information are clear and reliable (the ISO Committee for consumer policy, ISO/COPOLCO, has already been focussing on this issue)
corporate global citizenship for the 21st century, for which good practices and transparency should be encouraged (ISO is currently developing the ISO 26000 standard which will provide guidance for social responsibility).

Growing impact of leading emerging economies

The participation in the Davos meeting again illustrated the growing impact of China and India on the world economy. Together with Brazil, the two joined South Africa, another leading emerging economy, on the ISO Council in 2008, and all have confirmed their commitment to contributing to international standardization, including by enhancing their involvement in ISO work and by their take-up of ISO standards.

Kaynak: www.iso.org

ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION LABORATORY

ACOUSTICS & VIBRATION LABORATORY
OBJECTIVES AND TASKS
The main objective of Acoustics Laboratory is realization, maintenance and dissemination of standards of sound pressure in air, rectilinear acceleration, ultrasonic power and underwater acoustics. The degree of equivalence of realized national standards is proved through participation in international comparisons. Laboratory provides a wide range of calibration, measurements and test services in all three filed of activities. Investigation and development on non-traditional methods for acoustics, vibration and ultrasonics measurements is within the activity of Acoustics Laboratory.

STUDY AREAS
Acoustics Laboratory is carrying out its activities on the following subjects
Realization and development of sound pressure unit standard
Realization and development of rectilinear acceleration unit standard
Realization and development of ultrasonic power unit standard
Calibration and characterization of sound sources
Sound calibrators
Pistonphones
Calibration and characterization of vibration exciters
Calibration and testing of audiological devices
Audiometers
Artificial Ears
Artificial Mastoids
Bone Vibrators
Calibration of sound measuring equipment
Sound Level Meters
Sound Analyzers
Noise Dose Meters
Calibration of vibration measuring equipment
Environmental noise measurements
Determination of acoustical parameters of materials
Vibration measurement and condition monitoring
Characterization of ultrasonic flaw detector
Underwater acoustical measurements
Measurement of absolute gravity of acceleration


REALIZATION OF NATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE FIELD ACOUSTICS, VIBRATION AND ULTRASONICS
The national standard of sound pressure in air has been realized through calibration of condenser microphones by closed coupler reciprocity technique in accordance with IEC 61094-2 standard in frequency range of 63-25000 Hz. The primary standard of rectilinear acceleration has been realized through calibration of piezoelectric accelerometers by laser interferometric technique according to the ISO 16063-11 standard in the frequency range of 31,5-10000 Hz. The realization of ultrasonic power standard has been realized through radiation force balance technique in accordance with IEC 61161 standard.

FUTURE PLANS
Major activities of Acoustics Laboratory will be focused on research and development in the following areas:
Realization and maintenance of sound pressure unit in free field
Realization and maintenance of angular acceleration unit standard
Establishment of shock calibration facilities
Development of nontraditional sound and vibration transducers
Characterization of seismic transducers
Modal analysis
Free field calibration of hydrophones
Calibration of hydrophones by time delay spectroscopy
Characterization of ultrasonic cleaning bathes
Determination of ultrasonic power and pressure by optical and thermal methods

CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
The major calibration and measurement systems used in laboratory are:
Reciprocity calibration apparatus
Laser interferometer for calibration of vibration pick-ups
Radiation Force balance for ultrasonic power
System for comparison calibrations of acoustical and vibration transducers
Sound level meter calibration system
System for calibration and characterization of audiological equipment
Absolute measurement of acceleration of gravity system
System for determination of acoustical parameters of materials

http://www.ume.tubitak.gov.tr/

NSS Conference 2008

The next National Standards System (NSS) Conference will be held from June 2 to 4, 2008 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

Delegates from across Canada will come together to examine the role for standardization in an evolving world. They will have the opportunity to explore the impact on their business of such emerging global dynamics as political and economic change, technological progress, public-privacy concerns, renewable resources, sustainable practices and other environmental concerns.
Preliminary Conference Program
Sponsorship Opportunities
Registration (coming soon)
SCC Awards Ceremony
2008 NSS Steering Committee
History and objectives of the Conference

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